Rules of phonetic spelling
| 1 | zi ci si | = | z c s |
| 2 | zhi chi shi | = | zh ch sh |
| 3 | ju jue juan jun qu que quan qun xu xue xuan xun | = = = | jü jüe jüan jün qü qüe qüan qün xü xüe xüan xün |
| 4 | yu yue yuan yun | = | ü üe üan ün |
| 5 | ya ye yao you yan yin ying yang yong | = = = | ia ie iao iou ian in ing iang iong |
| 6 | wu wa wo wai wei wan wen wang weng | = = = | u ua uo uai uei uan uen uang ueng |
Sound discrimination
| 1 | bo po | ba pa | bi pi |
| 2 | de te | da ta | di ti |
| 3 | ge ke | ge ka | gu ku |
| 4 | ji qi | jia qia | jiu qiu |
| 5 | zi ci | za ca | ze ce |
| 6 | zhi chi | zha cha | zhe che |
| 7 | yin ying | lin ling | jin jing |
| 8 | yan yang | gan gang | kan kang |
| 9 | gen geng | men meng | fen feng |
Tone drills
| bā bá bǎ bà | bū bú bǔ bù |
| kē ké kě kè | qī qí qǐ qì |
| xiē xié xiě xiè | mēi méi měi mèi |
| guān guán guǎn guàn | xī xí xǐ xì |
| duī duí duǐ duì | mīng míng mǐng mìng |
| tiān tián tiǎn tiàn | yī yí yǐ yì |
| huī huí huǐ huì | xiū xiú xiǔ xiù |
Neutral tone
In Chinese there are a number of syllabes wich are unstressed and take a feeble tone. This is known as the neutral tone wich is shown by the absence of tone-graph.
| māma 妈妈 : mum | àiren 爱人 : husband, wife |
| bàba 爸爸 : dad | háizi 孩子 : child, children |
| gēge 哥哥 : elder brother | guānxi 关系 : relation |
| dìdi 弟弟 : younger brother | xièxie 谢谢 : thank you |
| jiějie 姐姐 : elder sister | kèqi 客气 : polite |
| mèimei 妹妹 : younger sister | xiūxi 休息 : have a rest |
Ref: http://www.chinese-tools.com/learn/chinese/02-phonetics-thank-you.html
