Pinyin is a Chinese system for transliterating Mandarin Chinese with 25 European characters (the letter "v" is never used). The pronunciation of most of the letters is similar to pronunciation to the European counterparts, but there are notable differences. Pay special attention to the letters that are not pronounced entirely as you'd expect: "c", "ch", "j", "q", "r", "sh", "x", "z" and "zh"!
In Chinese, each character corresponds to one syllable (which corresponds to a part of an English word, and entire word or more than one word). Chinese syllables consist of three elements: initial sound, final sound and tone. The initial sounds are consonants and the final sounds contain at least one vowel. Some syllables consist only of an initial sound or a final sound.
Today, I introduce 21 initial sounds:
b
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p
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m
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f
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d
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t
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n
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l
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g
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k
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h
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j
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q
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x
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z
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c
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s
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zh
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ch
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sh
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r
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Ref: http://www.zein.se/patrick/chinen8p.html
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